To complete the setup of the Active Sync Clients, here are the instructions for Windows Phone 8. The instructions for the other smartphone operating systems can be found here:
Android 4: https://www.frankysweb.de/?p=621
iOS, Android 2.X, Windows Phone 7, Windows Mobile: https://www.frankysweb.de/?p=302
But now just setting up Windows Phone 8, by the way, I used the Windows Phone SDK for this, so it might look slightly different on the smartphones:
On a fresh Windows 8 Phone, first select the Mail icon
Then add an "Outlook" account and select "Log in"
Enter your e-mail address and password and select "Log in" again
In the "Domain" field, enter the active directory domain in which the user account is located, in my case this is "frankysweb.local".
Since I have not configured Autodiscover in the test environment, the server settings are not found automatically, but you can specify them under "Advanced"
The external access point for ActiveSync is entered in the Server field; the DNS name should of course be accessible from the internal network (LAN/WLAN) in the same way as from the Internet. I am only entering the internal name here as this is a test environment, as already mentioned. In a productive environment, this would be something like outlook.frankysweb.de or mail.frankysweb.de.
I use a certificate from an untrusted CA (my own), so I have to confirm the message here with "Next" or install the root CA certificate on the Windows Phone 8 beforehand, the latter is recommended.
The initial synchronization takes a moment
If everything went well, you should now be able to access the mails in your inbox.