VSS: Backup fails with error message ConvertStringSidToSid

Today I once again had a Windows server that could no longer be backed up via VSS. The creation of a VSS snapshot was aborted with the following error message:

Volume shadow copy service error: An unexpected error occurred when calling the routine "ConvertStringSidToSid(S-1-5-21-1629892529-1905228445-1032730592-4125.bak)". hr = 0x80070539, The structure of the security identifier is invalid.
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Process:
OnIdentify event
Generator data is being collected
Context:
Execution context: Shadow Copy Optimization Writer
Generatorklassen-ID: {4dc3bdd4-ab48-4d07-adb0-3bee2926fd7f}
Generator Name: Shadow Copy Optimization Writer
Generatorinstanz-ID: {99b5bc19-d05b-4b74-9b9a-861f5ad10afa}

The error message was generated with event ID 8193 and application event log:

VSS error

The cause here was a temporary or defective user profile. To rectify the error, simply delete the defective user profile from the registry:

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Under the key HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList you will find the profile that is flagged in the error message. As this is a defective profile anyway, it can be deleted; if you want to be on the safe side, you can export the key beforehand:

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After the key was deleted, the VSS backups also worked again without any problems:

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